Demographic tendencies in western Europe facilitated this “colonization.” The settlers—assured of non-public flexibility, fixed rents, plus some measure of self-administration and running under the so-referred to as German Legislation—Launched new villages and cities or reorganized old ones. Towns acquired formal charters (Wrocław in 1242, Poznań in 1253, Kraków in 1257) https://polawedee.tumblr.com/